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IMPORTANTISSIMA SENTENZA
28/05/2010 - 12:06:08
Un’importantissima novità giurisprudenziale apre le porte alla speranza di ottenere dallo Stato l’erogazione di un risarcimento danni per tutte le vittime – italiane e straniere - di reati dolosi e preterintenzionali contro la persona.
In particolare, tale risarcimento si rende possibile tutte le volte in cui l’autore del reato sia rimasto ignoto, irreperibile ovvero sia incapiente.
La categoria dei reati per i quali si prospetta la possibilità del risarcimento è quella genericamente individuata dei reati “violenti ed intenzionali”, quindi il riferimento è agli omicidi, alle lesioni, alle violenze sessuali, ai maltrattamenti in famiglia, ecc. L’intenzionalità del delitto, invece, consente di estendere il risarcimento a tutti i reati dolosi e preterintenzionali, con la sola esclusione di quelli colposi.
La novità giurisprudenziale, contenuta in una sentenza del Tribunale Civile di Torino di appena due giorni fa, è il prodotto di un’azione di responsabilità promossa presso
I Colleghi e, in particolare, l’Avv. Marco Bona – al quale si deve principalmente l’iniziativa – hanno denunciato lo Stato Italiano per inadempienza nei confronti della direttiva 2004/80/CE che obbligava tutti gli Stati membri dell’Unione a dotarsi, entro le date del 1 luglio 2005 (1 gennaio 2006 per le situazioni c.d. “transfrontaliere”) di un sistema di indennizzo delle vittime dei reati intenzionali violenti commessi nei rispettivi territori.
Il Tribunale di Torino, stante l’inadempienza dello Stato Italiano di fronte all’obbligo comunitario di dare attuazione alla direttiva, ha sanzionato quest’ultimo condannandolo al risarcimento del danno nei confronti della vittima (nel caso di specie si trattava di una ragazza sequestrata e violentata per un’intera notte, alla quale è stata riconosciuta – a titolo risarcitorio – la somma di 90.000 Euro).
La causa ha avuto peraltro una durata molto breve, solo un anno, data, paradossalmente per l’importanza degli interessi in gioco, la non particolare complessità delle questioni giuridiche affrontate.
I danni alla persona (sia fisici che morali) derivanti da tutti i reati commessi, pertanto, dal 2 luglio 2005, per i quali le vittime non siano state già indennizzate, sono risarcibili.
Mediante un’apposita azione giudiziaria da intraprendere presso il Tribunale Civile italiano competente per territorio potrà farsi valere l’inadempienza dello Stato relativamente alla costituzione del sistema di indennizzo e, correlativamente, potrà ottenersi la condanna dello Stato alla corresponsione immediata del risarcimento stesso direttamente alla vittima del reato.
Qualora tale filone giurisprudenziale si consolidi, e ci auguriamo che ciò avvenga, un numero molto rilevante di soggetti – o eredi di soggetti, nel caso in cui la vittima sia deceduta - potrà finalmente ottenere un giusto indennizzo.
Si pensi alle vittime di violenza sessuale poste in essere da soggetti rimasti ignoti, ovvero da soggetti divenuti irreperibili.
Si pensi ancora al purtroppo non irrilevante numero di appartenenti alle Forze dell’Ordine caduti o feriti nell’espletamento del servizio.
Il pensiero, infine, corre alle vittime degli “omicidi irrisolti”, dei pestaggi a sfondo razziale, delle rapine o dei furti in appartamento sfociati in rapina commessi da soggetti – spesso stranieri – che l’autorità giudiziaria non riesce ad individuare, ma anche semplici lesioni a seguito di discussioni finite male o risse dove non sia stato possibile ottenere un risarcimento.
Un ulteriore interessante profilo di tutela è infine poi quello dei reati subiti dagli stranieri in visita turistica in Italia.
Per qualsivoglia chiarimento contattare questo studio, abbiamo aperto una linea dedicata allo 091 3815875, mandare una mail a studiolegalezancla@libero.it o chiamare l’Avv. Marco Bona allo 011 545054.
Per i giornalisti interessati inviare una mail ermanno.zancla@studiolegalezancla.it
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